Czech

5

prof. RNDr. Jaroslav Cihlář, CSc.

Institute of Materials Science and Engineering

Students will be able to use the acquired knowledge in the related master studies of material engineering and apply it to the solution of appropriate problems of industrial practice particularly the problems connected with the selection of special ceramic materials.

Knowledge of physics, chemical thermodynamics and kinetics and also synthesis of ceramics on the level of introductory university courses is assumed.

The course is taught through lectures explaining the basic principles and theory of the discipline. Teaching is suplemented by practical laboratory work.

Course-unit credit requirements: attendance at seminars and fulfilment of assignments. Examination verifies the knowledge of the theory and its applications to solving practical problems. The exam consists of written and oral parts; students take the oral exam even though they do not succeed in the written part.

The objective of the course is to make students familiar with the fundamentals of ceramic material science from the viewpoint of structure-properties relations.

Attendance at all practical lessons and fulfilment of assignments is required. In case students do not meet these conditions they can be given additional assignments.

Programme B3A-P: Applied Sciences in Engineering, Bachelor's
branch B-MTI: Materials Engineering, compulsory

39 hours, optionally

prof. RNDr. Jaroslav Cihlář, CSc.
doc. Ing. Klára Částková, Ph.D.
prof. RNDr. Karel Maca, Dr.

1. Principles of chemical thermodynamics
Classification of thermodynamic systems, variables and relationships. Equilibrium criteria. First and second thermodynamic theorem, types of energy in systems, entropy.
2. Relationships and variables
Thermodynamic potentials of closed systems. Criterion and conditions for derivation of thermodynamic equilibrium. Thermochemistry. Heat capacities. Dependence of heat capacities, reaction heat, entropy and Gibbs energy on temperature. Changes in Gibbs energy in chemical reactions.
3. Phase equilibria – single- and multi-component homogeneous systems (solutions) .Gibbs phase law. Single-phase phase diagrams in (p, T) space. Clapeyron and Clausius – Clapeyron equations. Multi-component systems: expression of composition, partial molar variables, chemical potential. Ideal solutions – gases, liquids. Raoult's law. Real solutions.
4. Phase equilibria – multi-component heterogeneous systems (mixtures).
Multi-phase, multi-component, non-reactive systems. Balance of gaseous and liquid phase of the mixture. Reactions in multiphase systems. Activities and activity coefficients. Van't Hoff's isotherm. Equilibrium constant. Equilibrium conditions in systems with curved surfaces. Surface tension. Young – Laplace's equation. Capilarity.
5. Polymers
Basic terms, history, nomenclature, chemical composition of polymers, structure of polymers, molecular weight and its determination, basic properties of polymers, polyreaction.
6. Bonding in non-metallic inorganic materials (NAM)
Structure of atoms. Solids with ionic bonding and covalent bonding. Intermediate forces.
Structure of NAM – Crystal Structures. Binary ionic compounds. Composite crystalline structures.
7. Structure of glass and crystalline NAMs
Creating glasses. Models of glass structure. Structure of oxide glasses
Structural defects – Spot defects: stoichiometric, non-stoichiometric, internal. Notation of point defects. Linear defects. Planar defects
NAM Microstructure – Microstructural Characteristics. Typical microstructures: advanced ceramics, glass, ceramics.
8. Phase diagrams of selected NAMs
Binary and ternary diagrams of significant NAMs. Mixability of the phase-intermediate compounds-solid NAM solutions. Chemical Reactions in NAM – Kinetics of heterogeneous reactions.
9. Thermal and mechanical properties
Thermal capacity and conductivity. Thermal expansion. Temperature shock. Micropraying NAM. Strength and fracture toughness NAM. Mechanisms of bruising. Influence of external conditions on aging and NAM corrosion.
10. Band Theory
Dielectric properties. Polarization mechanisms. Dielectric losses. Capacitors and insulators. Electrical conductivity in NAM diffusion and conductivity. Ion and electron conductivity. SOFC.
11. Magnetic properties and optical properties of NAM
Para-, ferro-, and antiferro- and ferrimagnetism. Magnetic NAM. Optical properties – absorption, scattering, color, photoactivity.
12. Oxide NAM
13. Non-oxide NAM