39 hours, optionally

prof. Ing. Milan Pavelek, CSc.

Basic terms. Basic laws and equations of state for an ideal gas. Heat capacity. Mixtures of ideal gases, Dalton’s Law, equations of state for mixtures and their components.
The First Law of Thermodynamics and its two mathematical forms. Heat, volume and technical work, internal energy, enthalpy.
Reversible processes in ideal gases, changes of quantities of state, heat calculation, calculations of internal energy, enthalpy, of volume and technical work, p-v diagrams.
Heat cycles, thermal efficiency, work. The Carnot cycle. The Second Law of Thermodynamics, entropy and general equations for entropy changes. Reversible processes and the Carnot cycle in a T-s diagram. The reversed and irreversible Carnot cycle. Irreversible processes in technical practice.
Van der Waals equations of state for real gases. The thermodynamics of vapour, p-v, T-s and h-s diagrams and vapour tables. The Clausius-Clapeyron Equation. Thermodynamic processes in vapours, changes in quantities of state, heat calculation, calculations of internal energy, enthalpy, of volume and technical work.
Thermodynamics of humid/atmospheric air. The definition of humidity and enthalpy of humid air, the enthalpy-relative humidity diagram. Cooling, heating, mixing and increasing the humidity of air, adiabatic evaporation from a free surface. Psychrometers.
The First Law of Thermodynamics for an open system and its equations. Continuity and Bernoulli’s equations. The Prandtl tube, the speed of sound, the Mach number. Isentropic flow of an ideal gas and steam through a narrowing opening and the Laval nozzle and their calculation. The Laval nozzle with various input conditions and the effect of back pressure.
The cycles of heat gas and heat steam engines. Combustion engines, gas turbines, reaction engines.
The Rankin-Clausius cycle. Compressors. The cycles of cooling devices and heat pumps.
Heat transfer by conduction. 3D differential equations for stationary and transient heat conduction with an internal source using Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates. Heat and temperature conductivity. Stationary heat conduction through a planar and cylindrical single- and multiple-layer wall.
Heat transfer by convection. The 3D Fourier-Kirchoff’s equation, The Navier-Stokes equation, boundary conditions. The Similarity Theory in heat convection. Derivation of the criteria of similarity.
Criterion equations for natural and forced convection.
Stationary overall heat transfer through a planar or cylindrical single- or multiple-layer wall. Heat exchangers, the mean temperature logarithmic gradient, algorithms for calculation.
Heat transfer by radiation. The basic laws (Kirchhoff’s First and Second Law, Planck’s Law, the Stefan-Boltzman Law, Wien’s Law). Radiation between two parallel walls and between mutually surrounding surfaces.