Course detail
Fundaments of Optics
FSI-TZO Acad. year: 2021/2022 Winter semester
In the course basic principles of geometrical and wave optics are presented. Particular attention is paid to applications, especially to design of optical systems.
Contents of the course: light as electromagnetic radiation; the basic phenomena of wave optics; light propagation in an isotropic medium; fundamental laws of geometrical optics; basic optical systems; optics of anisotorpic media; light sources.
Language of instruction
Czech
Number of ECTS credits
6
Supervisor
Department
Learning outcomes of the course unit
Students will acquire basic knowledge needed for design and approximate calculations of optical systems. In the practicals students solve calculations of real optical systems focused on their practical utilisation.
Prerequisites
Successful completion of the course General Physics III
Planned learning activities and teaching methods
The course is taught through lectures explaining the basic principles and theory of the discipline. Exercises are focused on practical topics presented in lectures. Teaching is suplemented by practical laboratory work.
Assesment methods and criteria linked to learning outcomes
Active participation in tutorials (75%) and three written tests. Examination: written test and oral examination.
Aims
The aim of the course is to acquaint students with the basic properties of optical materials from the geometrical and wave optics point of view, processes taking place at the interface of the optically isotropic environments, and properties of real optical components and their combination. Students will be able to apply this basic knowledge of geometrical optics when designing and constructing optical systems.
Specification of controlled education, way of implementation and compensation for absences
Attendance at the seminars and labs which are stated in the timetable is checked by the teacher. The form and date when missed lessons may be compensated for will be specified by the teacher.
The study programmes with the given course
Programme B-FIN-P: Physical Engineering and Nanotechnology, Bachelor's, compulsory
Programme N-PMO-P: Precise Mechanics and Optics, Master's, compulsory-optional
Programme N-STG-P: Manufacturing Technology, Master's
specialization MTS: Modern Technologies of Lighting Systems, compulsory
Type of course unit
Lecture
26 hours, optionally
Teacher / Lecturer
Syllabus
1. History of optics.
2. Light as electromagnetic radiation. The wave function, superposition. Planar, cylindrical and spherical waves. Harmonic waves. Complex notation of harmonic waves. Maxwell equations. Wave energy.
3. Polarization of light. Types of polarization. Description of polarization by means of harmonic functions and Jones vectors. Priciples of light polarisation. Optical activity.
4. Foundations of geometrical optics. Eiconal equation, ray equation, Fermat principle, derivation of the law of refraction.
5. Propagation of light. Scattering, reflection, refraction. Glass, dispersion, rainbow, prisms, mirrors.
6. Geometrical theory of imaging. Paraxial space. Spherical boundary, lenses, mirrors. Cardinal points of the optical system, graphical solution of imaging.
7. Limitation of a ray packet in an optical system. Apertures types and their usage. Telecentric systems, resolution.
8. Optical aberrations I – chromatic aberration, aberation function, Seidel aberrations, spherical aberration, coma.
9. Optical aberrations II – astigmatism, curvature of field, correction. Matrix representacion, ray tracing.
10. Basic optical systems. Eye. Microscopes.Telescopes. Spectrometers.
11. Foundation of the theory of interference and coherence. Conditions of coherence. Interference law for two partially coherent waves.
12. Two-beam and multiple-beam interference. Examples.
13. Basics of the light diffraction theory. Huygens-Fresnel principle. Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction. Examples.
Laboratory exercise
26 hours, compulsory
Teacher / Lecturer
Syllabus
1. Polarisation
2. Diffraction
3. Goniometer
4. Thick lenses properties
5. Photometry
6. Fiber optics
7. Speed of light
8. Basic optical instruments
9. Liquid crystal display
10. Interference
Exercise
26 hours, compulsory
Teacher / Lecturer
Syllabus
1. Maxwell's equation. Differential operators.
2. Wave equation and its solutions. Helmoltz equation.
3. Polarisation of light. Malus law.
4. Eikonal equation derivation. Solutions of the ray equation for simple media.
5. Fresnel formulae.
6. Description of an optical system by cardinal points and calculation of the parameters and properties of the system.
7. Imaging by means of mirrors, thin and thick lenses.
8. Chromatic and spherical aberration.
9. Basic optical instruments – examples.
10. Test.
11. Wave optics – scalar description, propagation through free space, diffraction integrals.
12. Fraunhofer diffraction at apertures of various forms.
13. Test.