Understanding principles of operation and basic physical and mathematical consequences applicable for a proper analysis of various motor types used in electric vehicles. Practical mutual comparison of these motors using the mentioned physical and mathematical relations. 

Typical conceptions of motors for electric vehicles and their control

1. Soft ferromagnetic materials for electric motors – B/H characteristics, remanence, coercive force, hysteresis and eddy-current losses, problems of saturation – consequences at voltage or current supply of a coil. Hard magnetic materials for permanent magnets, properties, comparison.
2. DC machine with separate excitation and with permanent magnets, motor construction, principle of operation, substitutional schematics, finding the torque-speed characteristics at various supply (control) ways, operation quadrants in the Cartesian system torque – speed, principle motor – dynamo (regenerative braking), efficiency map in dependence on actual speed and torque, commutator problems.
3. Torque control of a DC machine, speed control of a DC machine with a cascade structure (with a slave current/torque control loop).
4. Three-phase induction motor with squirrel cage – construction, rotating magnetic field, important analysis of the torque creation – following explaining the dependence of torque on the slip frequency, followed with the torque-speed characteristics at various supply (control) ways.
5. Three-phase induction motor with squirrel cage – problems of motor losses related to the construction and way of control. Problems of de-exciting. Efficiency map. Substitution schematics.
6. Simplest scalar control of an induction machine, U/f method, de-exciting, generator regime (regenerative braking).
7. Possibilities of a scalar control of an induction machine with respect to a maximum efficiency in a wide range of speed and torque.
8. Three-phase induction motor with squirrel cage – problems of loss minimization of the machine with the construction and with the optimum motor control with respect to the maximum action radius of the electric vehicle.
9. Three-phase synchronous motor with permanent magnets – construction, rotating magnetic field, important analysis of torque creation using basic mathematical relations, problems of armature reaction and related important facts regarding magnetic voltage of permanent magnets and air-gap thickness, motor power.
10. Three-phase synchronous motor with permanent magnets, with harmonic induced voltage and harmonic supply currents – distribution of the excitation flux density, pole covering, winding distribution, torque, induced voltage, cogging, position sensor.
11. Three phase synchronous motor with permanent magnets and rectangular induced voltage and rectangular supply currents (BLDC) – distribution of the excitation flux density, pole covering, winding distribution, torque, induced voltage, cogging, position sensor, advantages and disadvantages compared to the harmonic variant. Efficiency map of a synchronous motor.
12. Switched and synchronous reluctance machine (SRM) – construction, principles of operation, mathematical consequences, principle of high torque creation, problems of higher speed – explanation, advantages and disadvantages of reluctance machines.
13. Comparison of properties, control possibilities and efficiency maps of above mentioned motors with a physical and mathematical explanation.